Bubbling route to strange nonchaotic attractor in a nonlinear series LCR circuit with a nonsinusoidal force

We identify a novel route to the birth of a strange nonchaotic attractor (SNA) in a quasiperiodically forced electronic circuit with a nonsinusoidal (square wave) force as one of the quasiperiodic forces through numerical and experimental studies. We find that bubbles appear in the strands of the quasiperiodic attractor due to the instability induced by the additional square wave type force. The bubbles then enlarge and get increasingly wrinkled as a function of the control parameter. Finally, the bubbles get extremely wrinkled (while the remaining parts of the strands of the torus remain largely unaffected) resulting in the birth of the SNA which we term as the \emph{bubbling route to SNA}. We characterize and confirm this birth from both experimental and numerical data by maximal Lyapunov exponents and their variance, Poincar\'e maps, Fourier amplitude spectra and spectral distribution function. We also strongly confirm the birth of SNA via the bubbling route by the distribution of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents.Comment: 11 pages. 11 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Investors’ Attitude towards Savings in Post Office

There are a lot of investment choices and one must select the most appropriate one. The person dealing with the planning needs to know all the various investment choices and how these can be chosen for the purpose of attaining the overall objectives. The details of making the investment along with the various ways in which the investment has to be maintained and managed. The developing countries like India face the enormous task of finding sufficient capital in their development efforts. Most of these countries find it difficult to get out of the vicious circle of poverty of the low income group, low savings, low investment, low employment etc. With high capital output ratio, India needs very high rates of investments to make a leap forward in her efforts of attaining high levels of growth. Since the beginning of planning, the emphasis has been on investment as the primary instruments of economic growth and increase in national income. In order to have production as per target, investment is considered the crucial determinant and capital formation is to be supported by appropriate volume of saving

Increasing paddy yields and improving farm management: results from participatory experiments with good agricultural practices (GAP) in Tanzania

Rice is an increasingly important commodity in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, the rice yield gap is as high as 87%, due to a combination of production constraints and sub-optimal crop management. Reducing this yield gap may be partly achieved through the introduction and dissemination of good agricultural practices (GAP). We conducted 18 farmer-managed on-farm trials in Tanzania, to test a set of GAP components against conventional farmers' practices (FP) for two consecutive growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. The objectives were: (1) to understand farmers' capabilities in implementing GAP; (2) to acquire better insights into the merits, relevance and suitability of individual GAP components; and (3) to provide a case study showing that exposure to good practices combined with the farmers' own experimentations can serve to improve and, trigger a positive change in the participating farmers' crop management. Compared to the farmers' own practices, average yield increases of 1 t paddy ha−1 in 2013 and 2.7 t ha−1 in 2014 were achieved when following GAP. These yield advantages were mainly obtained by a higher panicle number, improved harvest index and improved weed control. Farmers experienced difficulties with land levelling, planting or sowing in lines and using rotary weeders, but they were convinced that these technologies are important to boost their rice yields. The case of Tanzania shows that paddy yields can be substantially improved by GAP and that adoption of GAP by smallholder rice farmers can be triggered by stimulating experimentations with such practices on their own farms